1931 Dr. Cornelius Rhoads, under the auspices of the Rockefeller
Institute for Medical Investigations, infects human subjects with
cancer cells. He later goes on to establish the U.S. Army
Biological Warfare facilities in Maryland, Utah, and Panama, and is
named to the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. While there, he begins
a series of radiation exposure experiments on American soldiers and
civilian hospital patients.
1932 The Tuskegee Syphilis Study begins. 200 black men diagnosed
with syphilis are never told of their illness, are denied
treatment, and instead are used as human guinea pigs in ORDER to
follow the progression and symptoms of the disease. They all
subsequently die FROM syphilis, their families never told that they
could have been treated.
1935 The Pellagra Incident. After millions of individuals die from
Pellagra over a span of two decades, the U.S. Public Health Service
finally acts to stem the disease. The director of the agency admits
it had known for at least 20 years that Pellagra is caused by a
niacin deficiency but failed to act since most of the deaths
occurred within poverty-stricken black populations.
1940 Four hundred prisoners in Chicago are infected with Malaria
in ORDER to study the effects of new and experimental drugs to
combat the disease. Nazi doctors later on trial at Nuremberg cite
this American study to defend their own actions during the
Holocaust.
1942 Chemical Warfare Services begins mustard gas experiments on
approximately 4,000 servicemen. The experiments continue until 1945
and made use of Seventh Day Adventists who chose to become human
guinea pigs rather than serve on active duty.
1943 In response to Japan's full-scale germ warfare program, the
U.S. begins research on biological weapons at Fort Detrick, MD.
1944 U.S. Navy uses human subjects to test gas masks and clothing.
Individuals were locked in a gas chamber and exposed to mustard gas
and lewisite.
1945 Project Paperclip is initiated. The U.S. State Department,
Army intelligence, and the CIA recruit Nazi scientists and offer
them immunity and secret identities in exchange for work on top
secret government projects in the United States.
1945 "Program F" is implemented by the U.S. Atomic Energy
Commission (AEC). This is the most extensive U.S. study of the
health effects of fluoride, which was a key chemical component in
atomic bomb production. One of the most toxic chemicals known to
man, fluoride, it is found, causes marked adverse effects to the
central nervous system but much of the information is squelched in
the name of national security because of fear that lawsuits would
undermine full-scale production of atomic bombs.
1946 Patients in VA hospitals are used as guinea pigs for medical
experiments. In ORDER to allay suspicions, the ORDER is given to
change the word "experiments" to "investigations" or "observations"
whenever reporting a medical study performed in one of the nation's
veteran's hospitals.
1947 Colonel E.E. Kirkpatrick of the U.S. Atomic Energy Comission
issues a secret document (Document 07075001, January 8, 1947)
stating that the agency will begin administering intravenous doses
of radioactive substances to human subjects.
1947 The CIA begins its study of LSD as a potential weapon for use
by American intelligence. Human subjects (both civilian and
military) are used with and without their knowledge.
1950 Department of Defense begins plans to detonate nuclear
weapons in desert areas and monitor downwind residents for medical
problems and mortality rates.
1950 In an experiment to determine how susceptible an American
city would be to biological attack, the U.S. Navy sprays a cloud of
bacteria FROM ships over San Franciso. Monitoring devices are
situated throughout the city in ORDER to test the extent of
infection. Many residents become ill with pneumonia-like symptoms.
1951 Department of Defense begins open air tests using
disease-producing bacteria and viruses. Tests last through 1969 and
there is concern that people in the surrounding areas have been
exposed.
1953 U.S. military releases clouds of zinc cadmium sulfide gas
over Winnipeg, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Fort Wayne, the Monocacy
River Valley in Maryland, and Leesburg, Virginia. Their intent is
to determine how efficiently they could disperse chemical agents.
1953 Joint Army-Navy-CIA experiments are conducted in which tens
of thousands of people in New York and San Francisco are exposed to
the airborne germs Serratia marcescens and Bacillus glogigii.
1953 CIA initiates Project MKULTRA. This is an eleven year
research program designed to produce and test drugs and biological
agents that would be used for mind control and behavior
modification. Six of the subprojects involved testing the agents on
unwitting human beings.
1955 The CIA, in an experiment to test its ability to infect human
populations with biological agents, releases a bacteria withdrawn
from the Army's biological warfare arsenal over Tampa Bay, Fl.
1955 Army Chemical Corps continues LSD research, studying its
potential use as a chemical incapacitating agent. More than 1,000
Americans participate in the tests, which continue until 1958.
1956 U.S. military releases mosquitoes infected with Yellow Fever
over Savannah, Ga and Avon Park, Fl. Following each test, Army
agents posing as public health officials test victims for effects.
1958 LSD is tested on 95 volunteers at the Army's Chemical Warfare
Laboratories for its effect on intelligence.
1960 The Army Assistant Chief-of-Staff for Intelligence (ACSI)
authorizes field testing of LSD in Europe and the Far East. Testing
of the European population is code named Project THIRD CHANCE;
testing of the Asian population is code named Project DERBY HAT.
1965 Project CIA and Department of Defense begin Project MKSEARCH,
a program to develop a capability to manipulate human behavior
through the use of mind-altering drugs.
1965 Prisoners at the Holmesburg State Prison in Philadelphia are
subjected to dioxin, the highly toxic chemical component of Agent
Orange used in Viet Nam. The men are later studied for development
of cancer, which indicates that Agent Orange had been a suspected
carcinogen all along.
1966 CIA initiates Project MKOFTEN, a program to test the
toxicological effects of certain drugs on humans and animals.
1966 U.S. Army dispenses Bacillus subtilis variant niger
throughout the New York City subway system. More than a million
civilians are exposed when army scientists DROP lightbulbs filled
with the bacteria onto ventilation grates.
1967 CIA and Department of Defense implement Project MKNAOMI,
successor to MKULTRA and designed to maintain, stockpile and test
biological and chemical weapons.
1968 CIA experiments with the possibility of poisoning drinking
water by injecting chemicals INTO the water supply of the FDA in
Washington, D.C.
1969 Dr. Robert MacMahan of the Department of Defense requests
from congress $10 million to develop, within 5 to 10 years, a
synthetic biological agent to which no natural immunity exists.
1970 Funding for the synthetic biological agent is obtained under
H.R. 15090. The project, under the supervision of the CIA, is
carried out by the Special Operations Division at Fort Detrick, the
army's top secret biological weapons facility. Speculation is
raised that molecular biology techniques are used to produce
AIDS-like retroviruses.
1970 United States intensifies its development of "ethnic weapons"
(Military Review, Nov., 1970), designed to selectively target and
eliminate specific ethnic groups who are susceptible due to genetic
differences and variations in DNA.
1975 The virus section of Fort Detrick's Center for Biological
Warfare Research is renamed the Fredrick Cancer Research Facilities
and placed under the supervision of the National Cancer Institute
(NCI) . It is here that a special virus cancer program is initiated
by the U.S. Navy, purportedly to develop cancer-causing viruses. It
is also here that retrovirologists isolate a virus to which no
immunity exists. It is later named HTLV (Human T-cell Leukemia
Virus).
1977 Senate hearings on Health and Scientific Research confirm
that 239 populated areas had been contaminated with biological
agents between 1949 and 1969. Some of the areas included San
Francisco, Washington, D.C., Key West, Panama City, Minneapolis,
and St. Louis.
1978 Experimental Hepatitis B vaccine trials, conducted by the
CDC, begin in New York, Los Angeles and San Francisco. Ads for
research subjects specifically ask for promiscuous homosexual men.
1981 First cases of AIDS are confirmed in homosexual men in New
York, Los Angeles and San Francisco, triggering speculation that
AIDS may have been introduced via the Hepatitis B vaccine
1985 According to the journal Science (227:173-177), HTLV and
VISNA, a fatal sheep virus, are very similar, indicating a close
taxonomic and evolutionary relationship.
1986 According to the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences (83:4007-4011), HIV and VISNA are highly similar and share
all structural elements, except for a small segment which is nearly
identical to HTLV. This leads to speculation that HTLV and VISNA
may have been linked to produce a new retrovirus to which no
natural immunity exists.
1986 A report to Congress reveals that the U.S. Government's
current generation of biological agents includes: modified viruses,
naturally occurring toxins, and agents that are altered through
genetic engineering to change immunological character and prevent
treatment by all existing vaccines.
1987 Department of Defense admits that, despite a treaty banning
research and development of biological agents, it continues to
operate research facilities at 127 facilities and universities
around the nation.
1990 More than 1500 six-month old black and hispanic babies in Los
Angeles are given an "experimental" measles vaccine that had never
been licensed for use in the United States. CDC later admits that
parents were never informed that the vaccine being injected to
their children was experimental.
1994 With a technique called "gene tracking," Dr. Garth Nicolson
at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX discovers that many
returning Desert Storm veterans are infected with an altered strain
of Mycoplasma incognitus, a microbe commonly used in the production
of biological weapons. Incorporated INTO its molecular structure is
40 percent of the HIV protein coat, indicating that it had been
man-made.
1994 Senator John D. Rockefeller issues a report revealing that
for at least 50 years the Department of Defense has used hundreds
of thousands of military personnel in human experiments and for
intentional exposure to dangerous substances. Materials included
mustard and nerve gas, ionizing radiation, psychochemicals,
hallucinogens, and drugs used during the Gulf War .
1995 U.S. Government admits that it had offered Japanese war
criminals and scientists who had performed human medical
experiments salaries and immunity FROM prosecution in exchange for
data on biological warfare research.
1995 Dr. Garth Nicolson, uncovers evidence that the biological
agents used during the Gulf War had been manufactured in Houston,
TX and Boca Raton, Fl and tested on prisoners in the Texas
Department of Corrections.
1996 Department of Defense admits that Desert Storm soldiers were
exposed to chemical agents.
1997 Eighty-eight members of Congress sign a letter demanding an
investigation INTO bioweapons use & Gulf War Syndrome.
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